Caribbean Elaenia (Siffleur, Shwek Patwa)

The Caribbean Elaenia (Elaenia martinica), locally known in Dominica as the Siffleur or Shwek Patwa, is a modest yet essential resident of the island’s vibrant birdlife. Commonly seen on forest margins, in ornamental gardens, and within economic crop areas, this small bird contributes to the island’s rich biodiversity and is a favorite among enthusiasts of birdwatching and hiking in Dominica.

Description and Identification

The Caribbean Elaenia measures approximately 15.5–18 cm (6–7 inches) in length and is part of the Tyrannidae family, commonly referred to as Tyrant Flycatchers. It has olive-grey upperparts, grayish-white underparts, and a yellowish wash on the abdomen. Its distinct features include two grayish-white wing bars on each wing, a medium-length tail, and a dark bill with a pinkish lower mandible. With black legs and a relatively stocky appearance, the bird can be identified by its sharp, shrill whistle—a familiar sound in the island’s mountain villages and woodland trails.

Habitat and Behavior

A year-round lowland resident, the Caribbean Elaenia is frequently found along the Syndicate Nature Trail, within the Botanic Gardens, and throughout rural landscapes near forest margins. It prefers the lower to mid-levels of trees, where it can be observed gleaning insects from leaves and twigs or hovering briefly to catch prey. Its diet consists primarily of small insects, making it a natural pest controller and an important player in ecosystem balance.

Breeding and Vocalizations

The breeding season in Dominica spans from January to September. Nests are typically shallow cups of twigs placed up to nine meters high in trees or shrubs. The bird’s call is distinctive—ranging from a drawn-out “pee-wee-reereeree” song to a rapid “jui-up, wit-churr” whistle, often heard at dawn or dusk across forested trails and cultivated land.

Conservation and Eco-Tourism Value

Classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Caribbean Elaenia’s widespread distribution and adaptability make it a resilient part of Dominica’s wildlife. It is an easy and rewarding species to spot for birdwatchers traversing trails like Syndicate, as well as those exploring eco-tourism circuits in the island’s interior.

As part of Dominica’s living heritage, the Siffleur/Shwek Patwa continues to enchant both locals and visitors with its discreet beauty and melodic calls, embodying the delicate and vital connection between nature and cultural identity.